admin answers:

Solar: Pro – some sunlight every day, can be mounted discretely
Con – not much sun in the UK, panels get dirty

Wind: Pro – massive subsidies
Con – the wind is unpredictable, doesn’t work when it’s calm or stormy, massive turbines spoil the landscape, turbine noise can upset neighbours, chops up bats and birds, need massive concrete bases, need backup power stations, CO2 used in construction and transport, towers can fall down and blades can fly off. The UK wind farm subsidy scheme was developed by Ed Milliband, followed by Chris Huhne!

Tidal/Wave: Pro – Predictable, low profile, lots of potential (water being much denser than air)
Cons – high capital costs, needs more research

admin answers:

To some extent all of our houses are dependent upon grid electricity for heating because even oil or gas units have electrical components.

If your home has electric heat it is probably located in an area where this was an reasonable installation choice. This is probably because the electricity is relatively cheap in your area due to a nearby hydroelectric power station. Many of the areas well served by hydro power are not as good for solar power and the opposite is also true.

The amount of solar radiation received is known as the insolation value. An example of a “sunny” area with high insolation values would be like this one: http://www.nrel.gov/csp/pdfs/csp_sw.pdf

Solar panels may be a viable option for several reasons. A “sunny” area may not be as important a criteria as the availability of grants and tax credits in your area. Technology is always improving and this may be something to watch. But all of this only goes to the economic question of how long before the system “pays for itself.” Perhaps you are more concerned with the environment and are less concerned about the economics. This is also a valid consideration.

There are two broad distinctions in “solar panels.” One branch is photovoltaic that produce DC electricity that must be converted to “AC” with an inverter. In some locations you can have a meter that runs both ways and then you can sell your unused electricity to the power company through “the grid.”

Solar thermal is the other type of panels. They are a more mature technology and generally are more cost effective systems. You should slice up your energy usage differently. Your hot water may take up 30% of your total energy usage. Perhaps you are using an electric hot water heater at this time. It could be converted to a solar hot water system using solar thermal panels. Your air conditioning usage can also be a heavy energy demand. There are AC systems that run from solar thermal panels like a gas refrigerator.

Last there are two other solar thermal options that might be useful in your house. Both are different kinds of additions. One is a solar room that when you install plants would be called a greenhouse. The other is to install a Trombe wall by glazing the exterior of a masonry wall. Both of these systems would provide additional warm air to your home.

By reducing the demand for grid electricity you are doing the same thing as having solar photovoltaic panels that will supply part of your usage but with a cheaper technology.

admin answers:

This is a good question about a popular topic.

First, it is important to understand a few things about the ac power grid, how it works, and how it protects itself when faults happen.

Traditionally, the grid was an interconnection of large generators operated by utilities, who had plenty of engineers, operations, and maintenance personnel. Basically, you could say that all parts of the grid – down to point that it connects to your home or office – were owned and operated by technically skilled people.

“Back then” it was understood that each generator connected to the grid would receive a full engineering review to make sure that it responded as intended when a fault (like a lightning strike) occurred on the grid.

Enter the ‘modern’ times, in which generators can be solar inverters, wind generators, industrial co-generation, etc. It was determined by the electric power engineering community that ‘small’ generators should be required to disconnect from the grid if a fault out on the grid occurs. This would keep the small generators from ‘back-feeding’ into a fault and creating an even more hazardous situation. It also requires that the small generators not operate to serve load in an ‘island’ separated from the rest of the grid.

In reality, intentional islands are allowed, if the appropriate steps are taken to be sure the grid itself is not being back-energized. But, unintentional islands are absolutely forbidden. (They are bad bad juju for the grid.)

Most inverters detect the islanding condition by looking for some combination of the following:
1. A sudden change in system frequency.
2. A sudden change in voltage magnitude.
3. A sudden change in the df/dt (rate of change of frequency).
4. A sudden increase in active output power (kW) well beyond the expected ‘normal’ level.
5. A sudden change in reactive output power (kVAR) well beyond an expected ‘normal’ level.

Depending on their internal control programming, one or any of these events could indicate that the small generator and some amount of load have become disconnected from the grid. (For example, it could be just your home with its PV system, or it could be your whole neighborhood disconnected as a block from the larger grid.)

When this island condition is detected, the small generation sources trip offline.

There are specific performance requirements for distributed generation defined in IEEE Std 1547, which cover the time in which anti-islanding protection should operate, and what levels of parameters define abnormal conditions.

As for the internals of anti-islanding protection in inverters, they specifically use a phase locked loop (PLL) with a small amount of positive feedback in its control loop to quickly and continuously check the grid connectivity. Look for ‘anti-islanding’ protection papers from Sandia National Labs.

admin answers:

Yes, I have and several friends, co-workers and family members.

There are many factors involved in whether an HHO generator will work well or not. The major factors are:
1. What are the electrodes made of, how well will they conduct electricity and how quickly will they corrode?
2. What electrolyte mixture are you using in the water (electrolyte is required to make the water conduct electricity to split the hydrogen and oxygen)
3. How much oxygen are you involving in the gas out to the engine?
4. How many o2 sensors does your vehicle have and how will they react to the extra oxygen they will detect? (sometimes the o2 sensors will detect more oxygen and increase your fuel ratio to compensate for it – I personally have not had this problem, but have heard others record it)

Speaking from my personal experience with the generator I now built, I have literally TRIPLED my gas mileage.

Potential hazards include:
1. Chance of exploding HHO gases if mis-used.
2. Blowing fuses.
3. Water damage to the exhaust over time.
4. Water in the engine – if you are really really careless.

Additional: Common “problems” thrown at you by the nay-sayers, and the narrow-minded smug:

1.*** It takes more electricity to produce than it gives in return with energy.*** = TRUE.=
That is why these are being used along with gasoline engines! (come on folks! Think a little).
The electrolysis here is powered by the alternator from the combustion of gasoline. Because the product is HHO (which is 3 times more combustible than gasoline) – less gasoline is required to achieve the same speeds as before THUS – more MILES PER GALLON.

2. ***It’s a scam*** = False=.
You might as well call Flashlights, Airlines, Solar Power and Refridgeration scams also. All science is first denied by the narrow-minded. Flip through a good history book, then learn some Chemistry! The electrolysis of water produces Hydrogen. Hydrogen and Oxygen (when not combined in H2O formula) are highly combustible. This can be used in internal combustion engines.
Yes, it takes additional battery power if you want to do this solo without gasoline – but doens’t all science require some work on our part? Stop being so Lazy!

admin answers:

Heh, solve the electrical power transmission and storage problems while at the same time putting a price on burning fossil carbon compounds to more accurately reflect their real long term costs to society.

The best way would be to re-think everything from the ground up, literally. Vehicles do not need to be smaller, slower, and less safe to be more energy efficient. Materials science has come up with many useful things that, taken together, add up to amazing, if we put them in vehicles. Carbon fiber for lightweight strength; metal foam, 99% empty space, for a gas tank that prevents a fuel tank explosion; puncture-proof tires; radar, sonar, and infrared sensors coupled with driving software; city cars: small, rather short-range vehicles that might drive themselves and be part of a robot rental fleet. Prevent humans from driving in a large city – let traffic AI’s take over, as it’s essentially been demonstrated they can already do a better job of moving vehicles through the city. Size the rental to the number of people. Push vehicle weight to a minimum. Streamline. Use all the electromagnetic and other tricks to save and re-direct energy.

Biofuels are carbon neutral. Historically their problem has been that the crops we’ve tried to use are too expensive to society for many reasons. We’re pretty good with hydrocarbon-burning engines, though. However, to make it worthwhile, we’ll have to figure out how to convert “waste/useless” biomass into fuel. Not biomass we need to plow under for fertilizer, or need as part of a functioning ecosystem. It’s an interesting idea, but I suspect the long term economics argue against it, and possibly even the medium term. Climate change is very likely to decrease the amount of land we have available for farming, and very unlikely to increase it, or even leave it unchanged. Population is surging. Biofuels don’t seem to be a really good long-term growth prospect. They could/might provide a little indefinitely, for small engines – lawnmowers, RC toy/hobby vehicles, generators…

Fuel cells are a different way to go. They could replace gas, batteries, a very long cord, whatever in any number of applications. From theory [ref 1] through costs [ref 2] to applications [ref 3] we are making fuel cells more practical. Let them stand for the whole range of new energy technologies we are developing. They are another way.

Finally, in the US, I believe we need to re-think how we do all this research. We will get the best results from a blend of private enterprise, government research, and public-private partnerships, like most of the rest of the world uses. We need to take off our ideological blinders, share a little healthy pragmatism, and put public and private money into getting some useful big-ticket things done.

That’s a sketch of what I think some of the obvious best ways are. I do not think they are the most likely things to happen in the short term 5 – 10 years, but being optimistic, I hope for the medium term, 20ish years. In the longer term, 50+ years, what I truly think is our best bet is to have a massive presence in space, with most major industry moving off-planet. With solar panels and rail guns, we could exploit the nearer moons and asteroids, and fire materials to earth. This level of operating tech would allow us to put sunshades above earth to create a practical climate control, even if we can’t manage actual weather control.

admin answers:

Hi Trumpetgirl, here are some considerations. If you invest properly in solar power today and take advantage of any grants and tax incentives, even if your electric rates do not go up as they are forecast too, you will get your money back over time, well within the lifetime of the equipment, and sooner if there is a rate increase in the future. There are also enviromental benefits. At one time there was an argument that a solar panel will never produce as much power as was used to manufacture it. First of all, this is not correct. The, “Embodied Energy,” in a solar panel is earned back in 2 – 6 years, depending on the type panel, where the raw materials were shipped from, and how it was installed and used in the end. Most panels are warrantied to last at least 25 years, and most last much longer than that. But the argument is not important anyway. We have been living with electricity for over a century now, so it isn’t going away anytime soon. The question is, “What is the best way to produce it?” If you build a panel, and put it along side a similar sized natural gas fired turbine generator for example, which earns back its embodied energy sooner? The answer is the gas turbine never does, because once you build it, ship it and install it, you now have to feed it natural gas for the rest of its life, so it keeps on digging itself a deeper and deeper embodied energy hole that it can never crawl out of. At least the panel has a chance to get even environmentally. So manufacturing and using solar panels in the end releases less pollution into our environment.

There are also mechanical and political benefits. We all know after the oil embargo of 1973, and the gulf war what it means for our country to rely on foreign oil. Wouldn’t it be nice if we only shipped in 20% of our energy instead of 60% the next time something like that happens? Our home has been powered by the wind and sun for years now, but we still remain connected to the electric grid. Last year alone there were two power failures in our county that lasted about a half day each. In both cases, we were not aware of them because our solar array kept on feeding the house. It’s difficult to put a price tag on something like that. Did you know that there are over 100,000 homes and businesses in the United States alone that use some level of solar power to operate their electrical devices, that’s good news.

Beyond the mechanical, political and environmental benefits however, lies a less obvious benefit, the social benefit. Right now we pump oil out of the ground, and mine for coal. The process of getting those materials to market involves shipping, military escorts and other activities that use up a good portion of that energy as well as putting lives at risk. Jobs in alternative power are higher tech than jobs in coal mining, oil drilling and shipping, and there are more of them. Using more alternative power would require us to put more people to work, and increase our education base because the work involved requires certain skills. I would personally like to take all those people out of the coal mines, send them to school and put them to work building solar panels. Nobody would have to die again in one of those dark holes in the ground trying to find food for our hungry power plants. They could work on a factory floor where they would not be exposed to coal dust, radon and other toxins and dangers. Most of our solar and wind resources are spread pretty evenly over the middle half of our globe, so everyone has access. This puts people in Bogota on a more equal footing with people in Boca Raton by giving them access to electricity, heat and clean water, and the education to use the solar, wind and biomass resources that provide those things. Oil, coal and natural gas is generally piled up in a few places, such as Russia and the Middle East. This gives those countries and the richer governments that rule them more horse power in bargaining for the other resources of our planet. These are the things that wars are made of.

There are other reasons, but I think you get the picture. For us, solar energy has become something of a hobby It will probably never save us any real money, utility power in most places is really very inexpensive, but it’s a little like growing your own tomatoes. It’s usually cheaper to buy them at the grocery, but lots of people go to the work and expense to maintain a garden instead. We just grow electrons in ours. If you really want to learn more about the subject, there are some great sources to look into, I will list some below. Good luck, and take care, Rudydoo

admin answers:

You could make use of the piezoelectric effect, but you wouldn’t get much.
Why not heat the water further to generate steam? Then direct the steam into the nozzles of a turbine blade, which then turns an electric generator. Then recover the water and pump it back to get heated again. You’d think someone would have invented the Rankine cycle before.

admin answers:

Was the sun shining when the temperature was so low? I’m guessing probably not. If the wind was blowing during these cold and blackout periods, that may be the best option. There are wind kits for as little as $1000 and you can connect them to ‘heat tape’, which is basically a cord that emits heat. They are often used on pipes and eaves to melt snow. See the wind systems below. They will require a small battery system, have the provider draw out your system for you, and then you can install it.

admin answers:

Hi Mano,

I found this and I think it might help you, here it goes:

“The one EV car I currently have (have 2 vehicles that run on hydrogen also) I converted from a vw bug and is free to charge. As I live completely off the grid all my electricity comes from solar panels and 2 wind generators, which I also built.

However I did charge up at Costco in Carlsbad California (I actually only drove up there to fill up) if I remember right it was around $2.00

Not sure if you’re interesting in doing it yourself, but I’d be willing to walk you step by step threw the conversion. I’ve converted 3 of my own cars (a datsun truck, ford ban, and a vw bug) and a few for neighbors. I’ve also converted cars to run on hydrogen, ethanol and biodiesel, by far EV is the easiest.

If you’re interested here’s what it would entitle…

– The engine compartment is first cleaned out of any gasoline components.
– Electric components are then installed in exchange.
– A battery bank is built and incorporated.
– Existing starter and driving systems are connected.
– Turn the key, step on the gas pedal sending more energy to the electric motor, & thus more power to the drive system, which in return creates more speed, more acceleration.
– The system has normal automotive top speeds and acceleration, typical to the vehicle your modifying. If your top speed was 85 mph and your acceleration was 1 mile per min, then this will be what your left with after the conversion.

The methods are extremely simple, making the process possible for anyone, everyone, ANYWHERE.

Typical tools, hardware & supplies are used, making access to parts available for all.

Electric Conversions can be easily accomplished in ANY model vehicle, even tractors, Generators, types of machinery, etc.

Project lengths range from 1 day to 1 month.
If you’re interested I wrote a guide on it which is available at www agua-luna com

My last EV conversion ran me about $1400. Everything is available online. I have a how to do it yourself guide available at www agua-luna com that will walk you step by step through the process. If you have ANY questions feel free to contact me through the site. Here’s a list of what you’d need…

Advanced DC Motor
The motor is an 8″ Advanced DC series-wound motor. It weighs 107 pounds and is rated at 68 peak horsepower. These motors are available in several sizes.

Adaptor plate
The adaptor plate mates the motor to the transmission. It is constructed of 1/2 inch aluminum and is pre-drilled with bolt hole patterns for both the motor and transmission. An aluminum spacer is also used for proper spacing between the shafts of the transmission and motor. Adaptor plates are available for many cars.

DC Motor Controller
The controller regulates current going to the motor. It is a solid-state device that uses a pulse width modulator (PWM) that sends short bursts of current to the motor at a rate of 15 kHz. Controllers are available from both Curtis and DCP.

Potbox (Potentiometer)
The potbox is a 5K ohm throttle between the controller and the accelerator, similar to the way a sewing machine pedal works. The potbox’s lever arm is attached to the existing accelerator cable.

Main Contactor
An electric relay that serves the same purpose as the ignition switch in a gas car. When the key is turned to the start position, the contactor closes the circuit to allow current to flow to the controller.

Circuit Breaker
A safety device that shuts down power for servicing or during an emergency. The circuit breaker is installed under the hood and can be switched both off and on from the drivers seat with an extension or cable.

Main Fuse
The main fuse protect the system from high voltage spikes. A fuse should be installed at each battery box or group of batteries.

Shunt
A shunt is placed in series within the wiring as a means to connect meters. Shunts are available in different sizes for both high and low power configurations.

Charger interlock
A relay that keeps the circuit open so nobody will inadvertantly drive off with the charge cord plugged into the car.

DC/DC Converter
The DC/DC converter is similar in function to a gas car’s alternator. It charges the 12 volt accessory battery by chopping voltage from the main battery pack down to 13.5 volts.

If you interested I offer several DIY alternative guides to walk you step by step threw EV conversion process at agua-luna com or

www agua-luna com
Hope this helped, feel free to contact me personally if you have any questions if you’d like assistance in making your first self sufficient steps, I’m willing to walk you step by step threw the process. I’ve written several how-to DIY guides available at www agua-luna com on the subject. I also offer online and on-site workshops, seminars and internships to help others help the environment.”

I hope it can help to answer your question.

admin answers:

The one EV car I currently have (have 2 vehicles that run on hydrogen also) I converted from a vw bug and is free to charge. As I live completely off the grid all my electricity comes from solar panels and 2 wind generators, which I also built.

However I did charge up at Costco in Carlsbad California (I actually only drove up there to fill up) if I remember right it was around $2.00

Not sure if you’re interesting in doing it yourself, but I’d be willing to walk you step by step threw the conversion. I’ve converted 3 of my own cars (a datsun truck, ford ban, and a vw bug) and a few for neighbors. I’ve also converted cars to run on hydrogen, ethanol and biodiesel, by far EV is the easiest.

If you’re interested here’s what it would entitle…

– The engine compartment is first cleaned out of any gasoline components.
– Electric components are then installed in exchange.
– A battery bank is built and incorporated.
– Existing starter and driving systems are connected.
– Turn the key, step on the gas pedal sending more energy to the electric motor, & thus more power to the drive system, which in return creates more speed, more acceleration.
– The system has normal automotive top speeds and acceleration, typical to the vehicle your modifying. If your top speed was 85 mph and your acceleration was 1 mile per min, then this will be what your left with after the conversion.

The methods are extremely simple, making the process possible for anyone, everyone, ANYWHERE.

Typical tools, hardware & supplies are used, making access to parts available for all.

Electric Conversions can be easily accomplished in ANY model vehicle, even tractors, Generators, types of machinery, etc.

Project lengths range from 1 day to 1 month.
If you’re interested I wrote a guide on it which is available at www agua-luna com

My last EV conversion ran me about $1400. Everything is available online. I have a how to do it yourself guide available at www agua-luna com that will walk you step by step through the process. If you have ANY questions feel free to contact me through the site. Here’s a list of what you’d need…

Advanced DC Motor
The motor is an 8″ Advanced DC series-wound motor. It weighs 107 pounds and is rated at 68 peak horsepower. These motors are available in several sizes.

Adaptor plate
The adaptor plate mates the motor to the transmission. It is constructed of 1/2 inch aluminum and is pre-drilled with bolt hole patterns for both the motor and transmission. An aluminum spacer is also used for proper spacing between the shafts of the transmission and motor. Adaptor plates are available for many cars.

DC Motor Controller
The controller regulates current going to the motor. It is a solid-state device that uses a pulse width modulator (PWM) that sends short bursts of current to the motor at a rate of 15 kHz. Controllers are available from both Curtis and DCP.

Potbox (Potentiometer)
The potbox is a 5K ohm throttle between the controller and the accelerator, similar to the way a sewing machine pedal works. The potbox’s lever arm is attached to the existing accelerator cable.

Main Contactor
An electric relay that serves the same purpose as the ignition switch in a gas car. When the key is turned to the start position, the contactor closes the circuit to allow current to flow to the controller.

Circuit Breaker
A safety device that shuts down power for servicing or during an emergency. The circuit breaker is installed under the hood and can be switched both off and on from the drivers seat with an extension or cable.

Main Fuse
The main fuse protect the system from high voltage spikes. A fuse should be installed at each battery box or group of batteries.

Shunt
A shunt is placed in series within the wiring as a means to connect meters. Shunts are available in different sizes for both high and low power configurations.

Charger interlock
A relay that keeps the circuit open so nobody will inadvertantly drive off with the charge cord plugged into the car.

DC/DC Converter
The DC/DC converter is similar in function to a gas car’s alternator. It charges the 12 volt accessory battery by chopping voltage from the main battery pack down to 13.5 volts.

If you interested I offer several DIY alternative guides to walk you step by step threw EV conversion process at agua-luna com or

www agua-luna com
Hope this helped, feel free to contact me personally if you have any questions if you’d like assistance in making your first self sufficient steps, I’m willing to walk you step by step threw the process. I’ve written several how-to DIY guides available at www agua-luna com on the subject. I also offer online and on-site workshops, seminars and internships to help others help the environment.

Dan Martin
Alterative Energy / Sustainable Consultant, Living 100% on Alternative & Author of How One Simple Yet Incredibly Powerful Resource Is Transforming The Lives of Regular People From All Over The World… Instantly Elevating Their Income & Lowering Their Debt, While Saving The Environment by Using FREE ENERGY… All With Just One Click of A Mouse…For more info Visit:

www AGUA-LUNA com
Stop Global Warming!!!

admin answers:

I lost my job 8 months ago, but I’ve finally found something I can do at home to make some exta money to pay the bills. By no means am I making as much as my previous job, but every dollar helps. Try it yourself. Http://www.americaschoicetoday.com/Work-At-Home.html

admin answers:

Yes this is often done; there are also currently incentives from Fed govt and many states to do so.

Below is an article on the incentives (including link to a database to see what is available from your state.)

This can be tricky to install, so unless you have a good knowledge of electricity, contact an installer; just google “solar panel installations” +yourstate and you will find local ones that should be able to give you a good price (get quotes, references and ask if you can see any other jobs they have done.) There are a lot of new “Fly-by-night” companies jumping into this these days; you want somebody with solid knowledge of solar, the programs available, and licensed electrician.

admin answers:

Excellent sustainable strategy, and yeah, it’s REALLY hard to wallow through all the BS out there if you aren’t sure what to look for.

I wish I had your budget for upgrades, lol. I don’t even know what country you are in so I don’t know if there is any govt assistance to offset the costs. And I know NOTHING of “resort finance”, so I don’t know what the acceptable ROI of green technology is for you.

There must be environmental engineering companies out there that specialize in what you want, but it would take a lot of “eclectic(?)” skills collected under one roof. It is difficult to give you definitive answers without knowing where your resort is located, i.e. A ski resort is going to have different energy needs than a beach resort. If you are looking for fresh water and AC I assume it is a beach resort.

Speaking of co-gen … Great way to increase the efficiency of fossil fuel based technology, but doesn’t really replace it, it just uses the energy that would have been wasted. A good example on a large scale is the relationship between Bruce Nuclear and Bruce Energy Center. Some of the waste heat from electrical generation is used to heat acres of greenhouses. Have you considered a greenhouse as a source of AC? Or incorporating as much green as possible into interior spaces? It may not completely replace your AC compressors, but it will lighten the load. If you encorporate a water misting system into your greenery, the tiny water droplets will absorb a lot of heat as well. It takes much more energy for water to change state than to change temperature, so it is a good source of cooling. You can look up the terms “Latent heat of fusion” and “Latent heat of … Vaporization(?)” to learn more about the effect. That is a natural form of AC that could reduce your power consumption.

When you say water treatment plant I’m not sure if you mean incoming potable water, or outgoing waste water. If I recall correctly there is a company in Australia (Rowater) that makes portable desalination and purification plants. Offhand, I do not know how their product compares to those of other companies. A “solar still” might be a method of water purification to be considered in your case. SolAqua in Texas makes a product, but I think it can be done better. Nature has many elegant engineering solutions to common problems which have been replaced by machines that run on oil.

Lots of ideas, but no way to know if they are applicable to YOUR situation. Basically, I am thinking that a miniature indoor rain forest would offset the energy needs of your resort. I don’t believe you need to burn bio-diesel to do it either. I have other ideas, but it comes down to if you got the money, I got the time; if you got the retainer, I got the proposal.

I can be reached through my profile.

admin answers:

Ocean energy

The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal energy from the sun’s heat, and mechanical energy from the tides and waves.

Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface, making them the world’s largest solar collectors. The sun’s heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world.

Ocean thermal energy is used for many applications, including electricity generation. There are three types of electricity conversion
systems: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid. Closed-cycle systems use the ocean’s warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid, which has a low-boiling point, such as ammonia. The vapor expands and turns a turbine. The turbine then activates a generator to produce electricity. Open-cycle systems actually boil the seawater by operating at low pressures. This produces steam that passes through a turbine/generator. And hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle and open-cycle systems.

Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent sources of energy, while ocean thermal energy is fairly constant. Also, unlike thermal energy, the electricity conversion of both tidal and wave energy usually involves mechanical devices.

A barrage (dam) is typically used to convert tidal energy into electricity by forcing the water through turbines, activating a generator. For wave energy conversion, there are three basic systems: channel systems that funnel the waves into reservoirs; float systems that drive hydraulic pumps; and oscillating water column systems that use the waves to compress air within a container. The mechanical power created from these systems either directly activates a generator or transfers to a working fluid, water, or air, which then drives a turbine/generator.

Wind energy
Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air. It has been used for hundreds of years for sailing, grinding grain, and for irrigation. Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power. Wind energy systems for irrigation and milling have been in use since ancient times and since the beginning of the 20th century it is being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water pumping have been installed in many countries particularly in the rural areas.

Wind turbines transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly for grinding etc. Or further converting to electric power to generate electricity. Wind turbines can be used singly or in clusters called ‘wind farms’. Small wind turbines called aero-generators can be used to charge large batteries.

Five nations – Germany, USA, Denmark, Spain and India – account for 80% of the world’s installed wind energy capacity. Wind energy continues to be the fastest growing renewable energy source with worldwide wind power installed capacity reaching 14,000 MW.

Realizing the growing importance of wind energy, manufacturers have steadily been increasing the unit size of the wind electric generators since the late 1980s. Another important development has been the offshore (i.e. In the sea) wind farms in some regions of Europe, which have several advantages over the on-shore ones. The third major development has been the use of new techniques to assess the wind resource for techno-commercial viability.

admin answers:

Assuming sufficient fuel and time, nothing portable and reasonably priced is as effective as bringing water to a rapid boil for 1 minute (3 minutes above 2000 meters). This will destroy protozoa, bacteria and viruses. However, boiling does nothing to improve turbidity or taste. Boiling does not remove chemical contaminants, so when farm or industrial run-off is a problem, there are more effective treatments.

UV sterilization using a product such as the SteriPen comes closest to boiling. It is effective against protozoa, bacteria and viruses. As with boiling, UV sterilization does nothing to improve turbidity or taste, and does not remove chemicals. Further, these devices require electrical power (usually batteries, but there are solar-rechargeable and even hand-crank generator versions now available) and are susceptible to failure due to damage or defect. Some people swear by these devices, others shun them because of potential reliability issues.

Opinions vary on whether chemical disinfection or filtration is more effective. On a camping trip, outside of industrial/farm areas, you are more likely to encounter protozoa (Cryptosporidium, Giardia) or bacteria (e-coli, coliform) than viruses. A quality water filter with an efficiency of 0.3 microns or smaller can effectively remove these threats from water. Filtering also improves water turbidity and taste. Filters with carbon elements can also remove many chemicals from water, such as those from industrial or farm run-off (but at limited concentrations), and some claim to kill viruses (iodine impregnated filter elements). They require no fuel or electrical power. Filters can withstand some abuse but can be broken either by strong impacts on rocks or even overly-aggressive pumping. Filters can also become clogged by sediment and debris, but this can usually be resolved by back-flushing or cleaning the filter element.

Note that there is a new filter product available, the Lifesaver Bottle, which filters down to 15nm and is effective against viruses as well as protozoa and bacteria. Currently this product is targeted towards developing areas and disaster relief, but it is available for retail sale in the USA. The cost is fairly high — around $200 — but it is worth a look if viruses might be a concern.

Chemical disinfection using Iodine or Chlorine Dioxide will destroy bacteria and viruses. Reduction of protozoa is less reliable, requiring extended treatment times. Chemical disinfection does not improve water turbidity or taste, and in fact, contribute their own unpleasant taste (less so for Chlorine Dioxide than Iodine). The more turbid and/or colder the water, the greater quantity of Iodine or Chlorine Dioxide must be used, as well as allowing longer treatment times. For Iodine, the taste and smell can be reduced by adding Vitamin C after treatment is complete. For Chlorine Dioxide, leaving the container of fully-disinfected water open for several hours will allow the taste and smell to dissipate.

When I’m camping, if the water is clear and clean and I’m starting a fire for warmth or cooking, I’ll boil my water. Otherwise I filter. There are several great models of filters available. First Need, Katadyn, MSR are all worth looking at; I own and have used different models from each and they all have their pluses and minuses. Currently I’m experimenting with a gravity filter (MSR Autoflow) instead of a pump, and it’s working very nicely and I enjoy not having to stand around pumping for several minutes to produce enough water for my next few meals and day’s journey. I also bring Chlorine Dioxide tablets with me as a back-up, should my filter fail for some reason (has never, but why tempt fate?).

admin answers:

There are a multitude of misconceptions about the Amish. Here are just a few:

The Amish don’t use any modern technology – FALSE. The Amish are selective about the technology they use. They tend to reject technology that they feel would have a significant negative impact on their lifestyle, but are accepting of technology they do not see a problem with. Also, what technology is accepted and what is rejected depends on the Amish affiliation and each individual church community.

The Amish feel electricity is evil – FALSE. This has to be the most ridiculous of all the misconceptions. Most Amish (but not all) do not want electricity supplied by utility companies in their homes. They do, however, use some electrical devices where they can generate the power themselves through the use of gasoline generators or battery (which they charge using solar or wind power). They also do not want natural gas lines into their homes from utility companies, but readily use bottled gas (propane).

The Amish produce all of their own food and clothing – FALSE. I live in an area with a very large Amish population. I see Amish people in supermarkets and department stores all the time. The local Walmarts have tie ups for the horse and carriages.

The Amish do not use modern medicine or doctors – FALSE. The Amish have no aversion to modern medical practices or medicines at all. They go to doctors when they need to. They are hospitalized when it is required. Some Amish women still use midwives for birthing, but many use doctors and give birth in hospitals, especially for difficult pregnancies.

The Amish live communally without any outside contact – FALSE. Amish families live in their own private homes on their own private land. They own private businesses or work outside of the homes and manage their own finances. They keep bank accounts and take out loans for homes or business. They participate in many community activities with the general public, especially those that involve charity work.

The Amish don’t pay taxes – FALSE. The Amish pay all income, property, and sales taxes. They can claim an exemption from Social Security with-holdings under certain circumstances (are self employed or work for an Amish owned business), but if they do then they can never collect any SSI benefits either, and are therefore not a burden to the SSI system.

admin answers:

Hey Patrick, this concept has been around since about 1998 when it first surfaced in regard to solar panels. There was a lot of complaints that solar panels never earn back their, “Embodied Energy,” which is a phrase referring to how much energy it takes to mine raw materials, ship them to a factory, build the product, ship it to it’s destination and install it. To be honest, it is difficult to put an exact energy price on something like that, there are almost limitless variables, such as which mine was used, where it was shipped, how it is installed and used in the end, and so on. A non profit group called, Solar Energy International finally offered some grants to a few colleges to research this. In the end, they couldn’t come up with an exact timeline, but a range based on the above variables.

First of all, solar panels actually do repay their embodied energy some time between 1.5 and 6 years after they are installed. Virtually all manufacturers warranty their product to last at least 25 years, and typically they operate well beyond this time. Similar work was done later with wind turbines, and the results are very similar. The main difference being the range of payback time is wider, meaning it’s possible for a turbine to repay its embodied energy faster, like in less than a year, but it may take as long as 9 years. This is because shipping a utility sized wind turbine can take a huge bite into its embodied energy budget depending on how far it has to go. Solar panels can fit in the back seat of a good sized car, some wind turbines have specially designed hauling vehicles that might have to drive across the country, or across the street. But when you look deeper down this rabbit hole, you eventually learn that non of this matters, I’ll explain.

Electricity has been around since Thomas Edison nearly burned down his house running high amounts of current through bailing wires inside old mason jars, so it isn’t going away anytime soon. The question becomes, “What is the best way to produce it?” Let’s assume you build a 10 KW wind turbine, and put it alongside an efficient conventional power source, say a natural gas fired turbine 10 KW generator. Which will earn back its embodied energy faster? The answer is the gas generator never does. You have to remember that once you build a natural gas generator, coal plant, or any other non renewable energy based power plant, you now have to feed it fuel for the rest of it’s life. It’s conversion rate will always be something below 100%, so in the end it slowly digs itself a deeper and deeper energy hole that it can never crawl out of. At least the wind turbine has a chance to get even in it’s lifetime. This is the key to what makes renewable energy so great, it’s really the difference between buying a home and renting an apartment, one day the home will be paid off, the apartment never is.

We live in a home that is powered by the wind and sun today. About 12 years ago we started looking into solar and wind when our electricity was constantly going out. It began as a small backup plan, just to run a few lights and some electronics. Over time it became more of a hobby and lifestyle, like growing your own tomatoes instead of buying them at the store, we just grew electrons in our garden. Now our home generates over 90% of its own electricity, and we use the power company as our backup source. Even though it will take years to get even with the power bill, it’s worth it to us, and we’ve turned a lot of heads. Once each year now I am invited to the local schools to teach solar power to the 5th graders, then they run a field trip out to our house to see a working solar and wind powered home. Since then the power companies have been busy building wind farms and looking into solar, geothermal and biomass energy. They even have a methane plant alongside a landfill in the next county. Most people are not aware of these things, but they are happening. They are busy complaining about wind mills never earning back their manufacturing energy, solar being too expensive, or hybrid cars not really saving and gas. There is research on these subjects, and it’s available for the asking if you look for it online. My suggestion is you look into it and become better informed insteading of asking hacks like me online for advice. I’ll include some sources below. Hope this answers your question. Good luck Patrick, and take care, Rudydoo

admin answers:

I think it would be. Alternative energy is becoming very popular these days. Furthermore, the “Green Collar” economy is getting off the ground, so people of all economic backgrounds could potentially benefit from it, and not just the wealthy. Most western countries are ahead of the USA in alternative energy, so it’s only a matter of time before we catch up.

Furthermore, technology like that would be incredibly helpful in places like sub-Saharan Africa where there is a lot of sun. With purchasing power, the cost of producing and buying these “solar trees” will decrease and thus they will become more abundant, in accordance with supply and demand.

If you can afford it, I say go for it 🙂 I wish I could

admin answers:

Lead acid batteries are 50% efficient while charging, you will also need 24 V to charge each 12 V battery. You can expect maybe 8 hours of usable sunshine per day which if you assume you will get a full day of sunshine each day then you would need at lest 21 of those panels. If you assume a 50% chance of having a good day of sunshine then you would need enough battery power to last 5 days so you would need 24 of those solar panels but if you assume you needed to recharge all those batteries on the sixth day then you would need 388 of those solar panels.

A purely solar powered solution should cost about $30,000 not including the energy needed for air-conditioning.

I would suggest you buy a surge protector and a UPS instead. If you really want to be able to take a long term hit on the grid, have a transfer switch and a generator that can be started when you’re on UPS battery power. Select a tri-power generator and connect it to your natural gas line, if the natural gas line is broken, you can use propane or gasoline with the same generator. In the future there will be hybrid diesel generators that can run mostly on natural gas with just enough diesel for the compression ignition and could switch to running entirely on diesel or bio-diesel.

admin answers:

Salam Alaikum,
thanks for sharing this info ..
And also, we must save electricity to help save our planet.. We humans are seriously wasting away our resources.

Another way of saving electricity is:
once you turn off the computer ( at home or office ) to turn off the main power also.

=)

admin answers:

Harbor Freight has a 45 watt solar panel and power regulator for around $180.00, You need a deep cycle 12 volt 35 amp hr. Battery at $75.00. And a battery box (like they use in boats) for $25.00. A 300 watt inverter for $60.00. Finally some wire, plus an in line fuse for charging the battery. The power regulator has usb output for charging phones etc., but the laptop charger needs 120 vac from the inverter.

admin answers:

Starting from $ 700, Wind Power Generator has a versatility of uses. The wind turbines below are used worldwide for battery charging, home power, and water pumping applications, and range from 400 to 65,000 watts.

Wind Turbines start producing power at 7.5 mph wind speed, and increase their output through 45 mph winds. Higher wind speeds require the blades to be slowed down, to protect the equipment, but are very effective in wind speeds between 7.5 and 45 mph.

admin answers:

Hi there,

Engineering wouldn’t be a bad field for something like alternative energy. I know that’s kind of general, but maybe there is something else specifically within engineering, that may cater to solar energy, wind energy, wave energy, etc..

I guess it really depends in the school you are in, and what kind of variety with the majors that they offer.

admin answers:

10 years ago was the time to get into IT. Today its all about saving energy, solar power, solar water heater etc. I think its the time to get into it, maybe even a little late. It also depends where you are from, is your municipality, province state or country putting more funds into this field?

I was in China last year at the world’s biggest tradeshow, Canton Fair and as far as I can remember there are thousands of companies starting to sell solar, energy stuff and its all a matter of time before it gets here. Lots of wind turbines being installed everywhere too.

I think its a good field also lots of money in it as long as you work for the right company. Do a little bit of research. See what the trend is like in your area. The government maybe spending $2 trillion dollars in this field. Who knows. Good luck!

Http://igg.me/p/97591?a=578745

admin answers:

Solar and wind energy are very useful forms of renewable energy, and both are also supplied by nature free of charge. It is just a matter of harnessing the energy in the best way for your circumstances.

There are many companies around the world which can assist with combined wind generators and PV solar arrays, complete with all the required control equipment for interconnections. The one in the link below also has prices indicated, starting from around USD6,000. You will find many more by googling “solar and wind power plants”.

Good luck, and The Way to Go !!

admin answers:

Http://www.awea.org/utility/

Wind Energy FAQ
What do I need to know to purchase a residential wind turbine?
Will my utility allow me to hook up a wind generator?

Federal regulations (specifically, the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, or PURPA) require utilities to connect with and purchase power from small (less than 80 MW) wind energy systems. A wind turbine manufacturer should be able to help arrange the required utility company approvals.

See State-by-State small wind information http://www.awea.org/smallwind for lists of interconnection requirements for many U.S. States.

admin answers:

The one EV car I currently have (have 2 vehicles that run on hydrogen also) I converted from a vw bug and is free to charge. As I live completely off the grid all my electricity comes from solar panels and 2 wind generators, which I a;sp built.

However I did charge up at Costco in Carlsbad California (I actually only drove up there to fill up) if I remember right it was around $2.00

Here’s a list of other places you can charge up, don’t know if there are any prices though.

Http://www.evchargernews.com/#regions

Not sure if you’re interesting in doing it your self, but I’d be willing to walk you step by step threw the conversion. I’ve converted 3 of my own cars (a datsun truck, ford ban, and a vw bug) and a few for neighbors. I’ve also converted cars to run on hydrogen, ethanol and biodiesel, by far EV is the easiest.
If you’re interested here’s what it would entitle…

– The engine compartment is first cleaned out of any gasoline components.
– Electric components are then installed in exchange.
– A battery bank is built and incorporated.
– Existing starter and driving systems are connected.
– Turn the key, step on the gas pedal sending more energy to the electric motor, & thus more power to the drive system, which in return creates more speed, more acceleration.
– The system has normal automotive top speeds and acceleration, typical to the vehicle your modifying. If your top speed was 85 mph and your acceleration was 1 mile per min, then this will be what your left with after the conversion.

The methods are extremely simple, making the process possible for anyone, everyone, ANYWHERE.

Typical tools, hardware & supplies are used, making access to parts available for all.

Electric Conversions can be easily accomplished in ANY model vehicle, even tractors, Generators, types of machinery, etc.

Project lengths range from 1 day to 1 month.
If you’re interested I wrote a guide on it which is available at www agua-luna com

Hope this helped, feel free to contact me personally if you have any questions if you’d like assistance in making your first self sufficient steps, I’m willing to walk you step by step threw the process. I’ve written several how-to DIY guides available at www agua-luna com on the subject. I also offer online and on-site workshops, seminars and internships to help others help the environment.

Dan Martin
Alterative Energy / Sustainable Consultant, Living 100% on Alternative & Author of How One Simple Yet Incredibly Powerful Resource Is Transforming The Lives of Regular People From All Over The World… Instantly Elevating Their Income & Lowering Their Debt, While Saving The Environment by Using FREE ENERGY… All With Just One Click of A Mouse…For more info Visit:

www AGUA-LUNA com
Stop Global Warming, Receive a FREE Solar Panels Now!!!

admin answers:

Robert f

The one EV car I currently have (have 2 vehicles that run on hydrogen also) I converted from a vw bug and is free to charge. As I live completely off the grid all my electricity comes from solar panels and 2 wind generators, which I a;sp built.

However I did charge up at Costco in Carlsbad California (I actually only drove up there to fill up) if I remember right it was around $2.00

Here’s a list of other places you can charge up, don’t know if there are any prices though.

Http://www.evchargernews.com/#regions

Not sure if you’re interesting in doing it your self, but I’d be willing to walk you step by step threw the conversion. I’ve converted 3 of my own cars (a datsun truck, ford ban, and a vw bug) and a few for neighbors. I’ve also converted cars to run on hydrogen, ethanol and biodiesel, by far EV is the easiest.
If you’re interested here’s what it would entitle…

– The engine compartment is first cleaned out of any gasoline components.
– Electric components are then installed in exchange.
– A battery bank is built and incorporated.
– Existing starter and driving systems are connected.
– Turn the key, step on the gas pedal sending more energy to the electric motor, & thus more power to the drive system, which in return creates more speed, more acceleration.
– The system has normal automotive top speeds and acceleration, typical to the vehicle your modifying. If your top speed was 85 mph and your acceleration was 1 mile per min, then this will be what your left with after the conversion.

The methods are extremely simple, making the process possible for anyone, everyone, ANYWHERE.

Typical tools, hardware & supplies are used, making access to parts available for all.

Electric Conversions can be easily accomplished in ANY model vehicle, even tractors, Generators, types of machinery, etc.

Project lengths range from 1 day to 1 month.
If you’re interested I wrote a guide on it which is available at www agua-luna com

Hope this helped, feel free to contact me personally if you have any questions if you’d like assistance in making your first self sufficient steps, I’m willing to walk you step by step threw the process. I’ve written several how-to DIY guides available at www agua-luna com on the subject. I also offer online and on-site workshops, seminars and internships to help others help the environment.

Dan Martin
Alterative Energy / Sustainable Consultant, Living 100% on Alternative & Author of How One Simple Yet Incredibly Powerful Resource Is Transforming The Lives of Regular People From All Over The World… Instantly Elevating Their Income & Lowering Their Debt, While Saving The Environment by Using FREE ENERGY… All With Just One Click of A Mouse…For more info Visit:

www AGUA-LUNA com
Stop Global Warming, Receive a FREE Solar Panels Now!!!

admin answers:

The negatives include:

The worst thing about solar energy is that it is typically expensive to install. This means that the effective cost of the power is high compared with just buying it from your local utility company.
Solar panels can take up a lot of space.
You may find that your roof is not at a good orientation or angle to the sun, which would make the installation on your roof less effective or not possible.
You can’t make solar power at night, so you have to have a way to store it.
Your power output will also be affected by bad weather.

Positives include:
The greatest thing about solar energy is that it is virtually free to use.
Solar energy causes no pollution when you generate it.
You can get financial incentives from the government to help you pay for your system.
Companies are starting to produce rental plans that allow you to avoid the large capital costs.
There was a law passed a couple of years ago that allows you to “sell” your excess power back to the utility, reducing or eliminating your bills, and covering your need for power at night.
You don’t need to order any fuel to be delivered to your house, and you can’t run out.
Solar power does not suffer from inflation and increasing prices.
Typically there are no or few moving parts to a solar installation, cutting down on maintenance.
Solar power can be generated anywhere, even if there is no local electrical supplier, so you can have power in remote areas.
Using solar power reduces the amount of fossil fuel burnt, and decreases greenhouse gas creation.

admin answers:

1. Pros and cons – solar is a good choice. Make sure you realize though that if you go through a solar franchise / company you’ll pay waaay more than you need to. Source the parts yourself and get a local installer / electrician..

#2. Hail won’t be a problem.

#3. Wind won’t be a problem. They’ll only come off if your roof was going to come off anyway.

#4 & #5 – Battery storage technology has advanced a lot, you won’t have a problem unless you live in the polar winter.

admin answers:

Not at all. Many are for it, even if it might seem otherwise. Krugman is one. He notes that it is far from perfect, but is a step forward:

What everyone agrees is that it will cost some money. (After all, if it were free, we would have done it by now.)

One question is how much. The Congressional Budget Office, generally non-partisan, estimates about $175 per household by 2020:
http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/environmentandenergy/archive/2009/06/22/is-the-cbo-giving-a-boost-to-climate-policy.aspx
This is much lower than the scary figures that the Republican opponents have been touting.

The next question is who pays. In the end, of course, it will be the ordinary consumer. But the costs will not be spread evenly. Places where most of the electricity is produced with coal will pay more than places where it comes from natural gas, which will pay more than places where it comes from hydro-electric dams. But the variation should not be too great.

The bill will create a number of new jobs but it will also, gradually, make old jobs obsolete. In the long run, we don’t want to burning coal because it produces too much pollution. But that means that coal miners, people who work in coal-fired power plants, people who ship the coal from the mines to the power plants, etc. Will be put out of work.

But the old jobs can’t be eliminated till the new energy sources are in place, which means the new jobs start appearing before the layoffs do – which is just what we want in this time of high unemployment.

In the longer term, we can hope that alternative energy will become cheaper, but there is no reason to assume that it will ever be cheaper than coal has been. Our economy has been built on cheap energy, so higher energy costs mean that we will have to have a reduced standard of living or learn to do more with much less energy.

(Note that this has nothing to do with this bill but with the fundamentals of energy economics. Any mechanism that reduces the use of coal and oil or increases their price will have this effect. And we’ve already seen the price of oil rise dramatically over the past decade. The price has slid back somewhat, but it is still more than twice what it was 10 years ago. And when the recession ends, oil prices will start climbing again, so we will be facing this problem with or without this bill.)

Clearly, the bill provides various incentives to learn how to produce cleaner energy cheaper and use energy more efficiently. That is technology that everyone is going to want. If we get good at it, that is something we can sell to the rest of the world. If we don’t get good at it, it is technology we may have to buy from the rest of the world.

(The Chinese have many terribly dirty coal powered plants, but the new coal plants they are building are much cleaner than most American coal plants.
Http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/11/world/asia/11coal.html
Of course, it would be better if they weren’t burning coal at all, but if you are going to do it, better do it as efficiently as possible.

The Spanish seem to be doing well in the area of thermo-solar power:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Spain

The Germans seem to be doing well in area of energy efficiency:
http://www.research-in-germany.de/coremedia/generator/dachportal/en/07__News_20and_20Events/VDITZ_20-_20News_26Events/Archiv/2009-03-24_2C_20Energy_20efficiency_20expert_20Jochem_20wins_20_20Bayer_20Climate_20Award.html
http://www.german-renewable-energy.com/Renewables/Navigation/Englisch/energy-efficiency.html
http://www.energy-daily.com/reports/Germany_Wants_To_Become_World_Leader_In_Energy_Efficiency_999.html
(They already make appliances that much more energy efficient than U.S. Appliances.)

admin answers:

You learn how not to be shocked when working with electrical tools and equipment.

The pay is good.

Seriously, every business uses electricity. The huge office buildings, the chemical refineries, automobile factories – all need electricity to power their motors and lights and computers. They also use electricity at much lower voltages for signals, control, and data transfer.

You could choose to be a high-voltage electrician, and work on the power transmission lines that march across the country and operate at voltages over 100,000 volts (100 kV), or on the power lines within neighborhoods that operate at 15,000 volts (15 kV). These require extra-special training and safety procedures, because at those voltages, the energy jumps out at you.

You could choose to work at the lower voltages – that’s what they call it in the power industry – of 120 to 480 volts AC, which powers homes and all small businesses.

There are lower voltages still, such as for electroplating, aluminum refining, solar power modules, but these are very high current levels, which again require special training.

The petrochemical refineries make extensive use of much lower voltage for their instrumentation and control signals. These are for computer-controlled processes and thus signal integrity depends on properly made cabling and protection of those cables.

Go to your library and find every book you can about “electricity” and read each one. While you might not understand a lot of terms and explanations at first, every time you read a new book you will see the same terms again and again, and they will make more sense. Learning this way helps you understand the language of the electrician.

Understanding what electricians do requires hands-on work, and most schools do not provide that. You should look for a local electrician union hall and ask what kind of training is available for people new to the electrician field. Being an electrician is difficult work. The books describe how to do various things, and working at a bench is easy, but when you are on a 20 foot ladder it’s not so easy ! And when you have to correct mistakes others have made, it’s not so easy explaining to a customer why the corrections have to be made.

You have to constantly train to learn new things. 30 years ago, there were very few wind generators and solar panel arrays; today there are many projects installing those things and they all have to be maintained and repaired after weather damage. The mechanical installation forces the electrical connections to made certain ways. There is an excellent magazine devoted to solar and wind power on residential and small businesses, called “Home Power”.

Wikipedia has an article about the magazine :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Power_Magazine

Their website :
http://www.homepower.com/

admin answers:

These questions require a lot of detail so the best I can do is direct you to where I got all my information. I recently installed some home made solar panels over my roof, I also installed a small windmill like generator. The solar panels work great! The windmill wasn’t the best choice I guess because I don’t get that much wind where I live so it usually just sits there. I also have a solar water heater which I built. All the additions I have made have cut my energy bill by around 75% on average. The webiste below is what I went off of, its not free, but it is much better than having to round up bits and peices all over the web. It gives you instructions on how to build all types of energy solutions and also tells you where you can purchase the parts required. Hope this helps!

admin answers:

I think you should redesign student chair: motorized recliners, with a drink dispenser, small refrigerator, a place to store books and supplies, ( no lockers needed) built in laptop, cell phone, etc. Everything could run on solar power or back up generator- no cords needed. Deluxe models could include vibrator and temperature controls. Students can research on line ( no libraries needed), write papers and print them out without leaving their chair. You could draw or photo shop this project.

admin answers:

If by wind farm, you refer to those gigantic wind generators found in some places around the country, our Electric co-op did an article on them last year. ONE of those gigantic windmills runs around a million dollars.

admin answers:

Solar power usually refers to making electricity from the sun. Solar energy may refer to this and also sometimes using the heat energy from the sun. Thermal solar collectors may use solar energy to make solar power.

Solar energy is only beginning to be explored in our society. In other societies (ancient Greece for example) there were laws to prevent one person from blocking the sun from the land of another as the sun was important for heating. The sun’s energy stored in chemical bonds has been very common in our society. Oil is king. This has marginalized direct solar energy use. The amount of Solar energy in our society depends upon what you are including. Direct Solar? Wind? Biomass? Hydro generation? Here is one site that adds it up to 13%: http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=21381″>

2 the economics of solar is also subject to definitions. Real cost or cost including politically gained subsidies. Gasoline may cost $3.00 at the pump but estimates of its real cost are from $10 to more than $20. Nuclear power is also heavily subsidized. Solar is just getting into the game and is taking time to get its political markers in place. When it comes to efficiency solar is far more direct and has some distinct advantages. Http://www.catalystmagazine.com/component/content/article/45/1128-pay-at-the-pump-uncovering-the-true-cost-of-gasoline http://evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=1715&first=2490&end=2489 http://www.ringnebula.com/project-censored/1976-1992/1988/1988-story11.htm http://environment.about.com/od/renewableenergy/a/solar_power.htm

3. Direct Solar energy and renewable solar energy is substantially more eco friendly than using fossil solar energy. Shading environments with solar collectors changes environments this may have effects to be considered. Some large scale solar power installations need water in environments where this is scarce. Wind generators may have an adverse effect on flying wildlife. And hydroelectric dam may add unusual pressure on the Earth’s crust. Http://solareis.anl.gov/guide/environment/index.cfm http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/27/us/27solar.html

admin answers:

When batt not available the triac is used so the base power switches to solar cell and there if it gets energy it emmitts power to 7-segment and again ur calc is on solar batt. When u replace battreis again the triac actives through batt power.

admin answers:

A failure, the need for vast quantities of clean water. To flush and wash the commercial solar cells.

A success, the ability to bring portable power to remote and off grid areas. Where only a small gas generator was possible before. Simplifies and eases the load while going to such areas. No need for gasoline.

A success, the use of solar power, as a direct water heat source, has been proven to decrease the need for normal means of home water heating.

A failure, the stable ability to bring a home under total solar power. By available area of panels, storage ability and days when less sun available cuts power.

A failure, the high maintenance, low output, and short life of panels.

A success, the decreased use and waste of small batteries for small electric powered hand devices. Like radios, calculators, over the life and use of the device.etc….

admin answers:

A friend of mine did it with his. He put a small generator in the back of his pickup,(but you could easily put on in the trailer itself)
He has a 30 gallon water tank that he uses for the water heater and his horses. It already had windows.
He did all the work by himself, it was pretty reasonable. He uses it to go camping and to haul his horses. With a quick change. There were no permits required.
Hope this helps.

admin answers:

Yep
batteries, inverter, wiring, switches, photo cells, knowledge to hook it all up,
solar isn’t, what its all hoped up to be,
solar lights are a better deal, you can put them to work, but to power a home ? Forget it,
buy a 13 K generator for total home power, all that cost is fuel ,
use propane powered stove,s fridge,s freezers, [ the amish do ]
there still for sale, in cross ville, tn
there is a lot of other ways to be self sufficient, solar is a gimmick, for now